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ԃԒ:

020-87270252

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ԃԒ:

020-87270252

l(f)ϵ zyԇ̓x Ʒϵ
PSAl(f) ڒC ƄӳC ˮ̎l(f)
cҺl(f) ⶾC yнC ՚C nҚC

                

cȺͳı^

     ĿǰˮwķNfȚ⡢cƯ׷ۡȮpˮˎͷʽ߀⾀һЩֶΡ

     Ț\ݔ܃IJȫͶӷ棬wͬˮwܽ^ɢʧˮy_˜Țƿ≺׃ͶӋʴ_Ć}֮ȚȚwĘOUɢԌh(hun)ڶxȵĸ߻γSȻ̼һ°|(zh)ʶȡҺȵԽԽ࣬Ҳܵ˂Pע

     ȚİȫԁfʼKһ׌˕rrXĆ}҇׺ÿһ궼Țй©İȫ¹ʰl(f)ȚΣUƷܵȫCPćǰЩ꣬l(f)ڸ܇վȚƿ\ݔе¼Ɏǧ˵ľoɢڱЩӾڲˆT֔Ⱦ37סMt(y)Ժ҇؅^(q)_Ҏ(gu)ʘȚM

      ڇSl(f)_‡ձȾஔȚʹȚҪˮ̎ǹÈСԁˮSһ㲻ʹҺʹôcҺwMȻҲи(j)ˮҪСˮͲT⾀pˮֶMМ

Țcccól(f)Oһ㶼횲ȡ߉s՚Mаl(f)Ⱥͳ[1]ǹr(nng)I(y)a(chn)ճб^ҊĎ׷NȻڵĻW|(zh)һ㶼ˮwHМ皢ͲĹ߀܉Ư׼wSԼWϳɵVԁˮӾˮˮ̎ѭh(hun)ˮ켈I(y)WϳɘI(y)Լt(y)ˎl(wi)ͷߵȸI

ͬˎвͬܺcͬͬSҵĮa(chn)Ʒвͬ|(zh)һȚcȺͳWϣԼHʹжкܴą^(q)e@׷NđÁvԴc鰲ȫЧڃ棬ʹ鷽

PȚܺʹ҂ϤĚЧܺ׫@(jng)rͶӷռõطСȫԱ^@҂Ҫw̽ӑͱ^һ´cȺͳNԼPOʹc

c

cķʽNaClOڏA}峺͸һNȫܽˮҺwڴcҺ׾ôc늽͝ʳ}ˮF(xin)Ƃ䡣

cҺwͨ^늽ʳ}ˮƂ@NOQcl(f)c^̿ͨ^Wʽ_£

係_£

            NaCl + H2O  NaClO + H2            

    늘O

    ꖘO       2Cl- - 2e  Cl2 

    ꎘO       2H+ + 2e  H2 

    Һ   2NaOH + Cl2  NaCl + NaClO + H2O 

ȻcҺwԴcl(f)a(chn)a(chn)ĴcҺw^(wn)һҲױȏSƷЩsкijɷ

Pڴcl(f)҇1990112հl(f)GB 12176-90 Ҙ˜һNѽ(jng)Jهʮַ(wn)ЙYϿɲԃĮa(chn)Ʒcl(f)ѽ(jng)һٶĚvʷѽ(jng)CһN\гɱܵ͡ˎͶӜʴ_ЧOѵO䡣

cҺ߀Ǿ@(yu)ݵġһNЧVVȫďˎͬˮHԺܺãcˮȻҺȵˎİȫ[ЧJȚஔҲ@һcЧͶӜʴ_ȫʹ÷㣬ڃh(hun)oܚй©h(hun)rͶӡ

ŒcVڰԁˮˮI(y)ѭh(hun)ˮӾˮt(y)ԺˮȵȸNˮwc߀܉ƉxӺͱh(hun)̎UˮһЩI(y)ضȾUˮĸ߼߀ڼ{ƯߝȵĴcҺw߀ڄxO估ܵϸմ[2]

    cĜԭҪͨ^ˮγɴMһֽγB(ti)[O]B(ti)ĘOʹwͲĵ|(zh)׃ĶʹԴ΢ȚԭҲҪԮa(chn)᷽ʽ

(j)WycˮPHֵӰPH^9.5͕ڴɡ^(sh)ˮ|(zh)PHֵ68.5PPMȵĴcˮ׺ȫˮɴЧʸ99.99%^̿ûWʽαʾ£

NaClO + H2O  HClO + NaOH 

HClO  HCl + [O] 

ښ^Hڼ⚤С늺ɣɝB͸w(ni)cwᡢøȰl(f)Ķԭ΢  

R-NH-R + HClO  R2NCl + H2O

ͬrx߀@׃ͲwĝB͸ʹʧԶ

ֵÿ϶ڴcl(f)a(chn)ҺвȚȵˮЮa(chn)xһyγڷȶl(f)ȴϷɲwжк|(zh)cҲȚͬˮγ}ǘٹܵɇظg^ͬ԰l(f)ˮ΢ĎКζȰ@N|(zh)ҲһNȫĚˎֻhcĚ

NH3 + HClO  NH2Cl + H2O 

NH2Cl + HClO  NHCl2 + H2O

NHCl2 + HClO  NCl3 + H2O 

\гɱôc\гɱMǺܵ͵ԱȚһЩ(j)Ӣy(tng)ӋһM(sh)(j)cͬȚɱȴs1.05 1[3]

ʹôcԲôcl(f)(yu)ǰcl(f)δ҇󷶇ƏVԭҪǣ^ȥꖘOϷ治^P҇(jng)l(f)չ͌ˮ̎gҕٴǴcl(f)ȚһͶҪԸߵɵģȻ߀늵MO늲

H߀һЩλˮwʹõǏȉASa(chn)ĴcҺŒȉASa(chn)ĴcҺͬcl(f)F(xin)ƂĴcҺ߀һ^(q)eġcȉASa(chn)^бȻµһNa(chn)Ʒͨ^AҺնȚɵ@Ǟ˱ϰȫOõһˇڴ(sh)ȉAĹSfcһNa(chn)ɷ^s߀׷ֽЩȉASꎘOAҺֱβ鸻ȚռҺȻ@NAҺijɷǷdzsˡ(j)һЩЩSĽ(jng)ЧϿ]ʹʯī늘O߀a(chn)ஔĶɷ

2OH- + Cl2  Cl- + ClO- + H2O 

һvԓͨڵ͜M͜һȚ߀ͬ˷ˮYϳɕrԵˮˮгxȠB(ti)@ضԸߕr͕Ȼ؏ˮጷųLrg棬ד]l(f)ʧЧͶҲɢݳһЩȚ⣬ҪͰbռһg\ݔ͹Ҳ߀DZ^韩@NһxȵĴcҺˮwȻF(xin)ʹôcl(f)߀DZʹҺ鰲ȫɿ

߀fǣôcɱʹˮдһ}^Ͷǰÿһˮ׿˵Ę˜MеģԁˮˮwͲ۷eĆ}ܮa(chn)}ĸXӾˮfijһ^̕rڿһЩ۷eӾرڌOMз_ϴҪaһrˮ֮ͶӵСsf֮׵LځҲ}۷eˮ׃}ͨ^҂{(dio)L҂Ҳ]аl(f)F(xin)һÑʹôcl(f)Oɳˮ׃}˵(sh)Ӿ߀hʳ}ˮ֮

Ҫfһccl(f)ڹ^늘O𲽽Y@Ҫϴ늘Oһsһϴһ䷽njϡ}ͨ^ô늽нһrgMܽ⡣ȻЧ߀Ǻܲe



ȵķʽClO2ڸ11oCrȷvɞһNSGɫwһNOĻԽ(jng)ܟ͕ѸٶըԷֽȚ⡣ȾбȚĴ̼ԺͶԞȚ40 [2]ǚwڔUɢܟ׷ֽ⣬wSͣrg^cˮ߀ɾ^ƯHClO2, ܉򲻽͓pwS켈ӡȾИI(y)õܺÑһNͬӾкƵĚ

ȘO䲻(wn)cǘӿ\ݔ\ݔкװl(f)ը¹ֻF(xin)Ƃһ㶼ͨ^}ͬķƂõcijɱǣccķʮքa(chn)Ȏ׺DZըԷֽȚ@ȻcڷдųPûWʽ_£

3NaClO3 + 3H2SO4  3NaHSO4 + 3HClO3 

3HClO3  2ClO2 + HClO4 + H2O 

2ClO2    Cl2  +  2O2 

غ͵ķDzccķɶȚwɱߣ

   2NaClO3 + 2H2C2O4  Na2C2O4 + 2H2O + 2CO2 +2ClO2 

(ni)һЩSҲ}MжƵμcķɶ@NOеĿԫ@߲^50%ĶȺʹ50%Ț֮Կ]ʹ}Ȼcԭ׫@úa(chn)ɱ^ֱPϵ

һfcc}l(f)^̱^sһЩʹϡ}ᷴԫ@öȺȚĻw[4]Ҏ(gu)ģƂ߀ObãҲʮСܟױըԷֽ⣺

    NaClO3 + HClϡ  NaCl + Cl2 + 2ClO2 + 2H2O 

H@ҲǷ֞ɲɵcͬ}ᷴȻcSֽɶȚˮ

ʹÝ}ccrֻȚų]жȚw[4]

       NaClO3 + 6HCl⣩  NaCl + 3Cl2 + 3H2O 

@Ȼijһg}ɷNаl(f)Ɍσɷʽӱ[4]

      ClO3- + 7Cl- + H+    4Cl2 + 2ClO2 + 5H2O 

淽̱_ʽǁ}ͬcɵĶȺǺܲ(wn)ɚwҪ߀Ț⣬

ȡҪʹc\гɱܸߣsc\гɱ5[2]}ד]l(f)ЏҸgˣڹ^韩Ҫ^İȫ탦汣

ڹI(y)һNƂˮҺš[1]ˇ^swǣ׌ɵײͨ^һcҺʽ_£

    ClO3- + NO2  NO3- + ClO2  

@NˮҺȲ̎^ȫˮҺжȺ30%r̎Ҳըܽ⌍Hһ^չ•rҺطֽĻ@Nʽ\гɱһҲˮ

(j)PYӛdˮҲcȚͬЃɂȚⲻ߂cһʹõPHVPH610(ni)Чؚ^(sh)΢cl(f)a(chn)˲ζˮзֽra(chn)}@Na(chn)ƷӾ}Lrgķeʹˮ׃S߀F(xin)Ƥw۾Ĵ̼һͶһȵk[3]

ЩYPڶȿԚѿߵfwC͌HЧĿǰ(ni)ʹöԁˮˮdzɹČ^Кwܽˮ^ڷdz(wn)ȫד]l(f)yʹˮw_еșzyʶԁˮӾصҪSһˎf^y_ˮwșzyֵҲ^yõCΛrЛ]ȚôߵĚ≺ͨ^șCͬˮwγɕrˮļgρvҎ(gu)ģʹöͶҲ߀dzF(xin)

ͨJ飬ȵԭҲǺȚһ,ͬˮl(f)a(chn)HClO2һNஔƯ

          2ClO2 + H2O   HClO2 + HClO3 

I(y)һ㲢ֱʹöǑÁcҺMƯͨ^ra(chn)ĶˮҺ^cϼɵõһāc

          2ClO2 + Na2O2  2NaClO2 + O2 

cһNܛƯׄͨ^ˮጷųᣬƯSȻͺϳwSʹҲƯͷϞ[1]@һgijF(xin)\ڕrgϲL\ȻʹԓgOͶY\гɱǺܸߵСҎ(gu)ģI(y)yԳ

(ni)a(chn)Ȱl(f)I(y)a(chn)ˮҺ@N^߰ȫԼgģ(sh)Dzcͬ}ᶨζƷk팍F(xin)@ӵOɱܵȫǷdzģԲ͕֔ᄳ¹Ҫ؄eġͨ^gTڴOİȫ|(zh)ԃbPČҪMмgҎ(gu)ȡ̭

ڱWӾ^쉯t(y)Ժ·t(y)ԺȆλʹöˮw^l(f)^ȫ¹ʶͣ飬ܟĶȺװl(f)ըԷֱֽɶй©Ⱦh(hun)

        2ClO2    2O2 + Cl2 

F(xin)߀һNcI(y)ʹ늽ʳ}ˮa(chn)Țȫͬka(chn)һNQƂȵO䡣䌍ͨ^ĤxꖃɘO@֮98%߀Ǯa(chn)Ț⡣ԭv늽ʳ}ˮxӵõȚһȚͬˮɴxӣ늽߀MһɁxܟֽԮa(chn)һȡȵȚwǣ@N늽ⷽɁxӵЧǺܵ͵Ҳfͨ^늽D(zhun)QɶȵЧʲHܵͣ@Nʽ?jng)]бҪMֺܲ(jng)

Ҫһض²ֽܷ늽ۃ(ni)^ߜض늽۱ǷIJĿǰͨõĶǹķϩ@Щϵ͟ԴDzܺ늽LrgʹþͱȻF(xin)׃ҲȻšwй©¹ʡ

Ț⡢@Щȿ՚صĚwǕصMДUɢyųһȾγ@ЩжwͲһ^̵ĕrgȚ℡gҲ܏(zhn)rϣվÁq̫ȚһɌTȉAI(y)a(chn)Sa(chn)ҸȚƿMзb\ݔҌȚ߀ЌTȫCPO(jin)܌ʹȚҪ

ȘOĻWgԎ׺ͬȚһĶ߀ȚʮWOҲзe}eĆ}늽O늘Oͬӕa(chn)ˮϴ֏Ч͛]дcl(f)бC

Œ@NOڌHʹҲǺܳɹF(xin)˺ܶ}йȚĤһҾ͓pSlˎͶҲ_ˮ|(zh)OҪ񱱾|Ӿ^wWӾ^wίӖˮ^һЩt(y)Ժ԰bԺ͟oʹòm(x)bʹôcM

ȚvF(xin)t(y)Wоѽ(jng)CȚͬˮSЙCl(f)ȻɺܶȴЙCȴЙCǘOкɵȼȼȴ҂Ҳ(jng)ʹȚԁˮЙzy°ȼȼȴ(j)t(y)WWy(tng)ӋLʹȚԁˮȺУװֱcYcΰİl(f)ʸڌսMʮώװٱ[5]

1979꣬h(hun)ƶ˵һPȻ̎ˮиa(chn)ﺬķҎ(gu)ƹ1fˮĹˮԴu飨ȼձģó^ÿ100΢199811£h(hun)ͨ^һӇˮԴ˜uĘOޘ˜ʽ͵ÿ80΢ˣͬr߀Ҏ(gu)НΣUĸa(chn)}uĘOޣҎ(gu)ˮ˾֮ǰ횏ˮЙC[5]

PI(y)s־߀TPĴˮa(chn)о[6]ֵødȤͬʅ

  

ķӱ_ʽO3ͨB(ti)ǜ\{ɫwЄԡһN~ȳζ@ŵķQ^-112OC۞{ɫҺw-192OCYɫwˮеܽСˮҺB(ti)cҺܻc෴Ƿdz(wn)ڳ¾ֽ200OCϷֽ^ҷֽrጷŴij߀ױը[17]

2O3    3O2    

ͻW|(zh)foՓAԽ|(zh)Ա@һcܑÁ팦NˮwM̎ҲƯԼƤëMÓ

ͨڸߌӴҪͨ^̫ꖹ⾀ӵļɵߌӴеijбoã⾀Ķʹ⾀Ă

Ϳ՚ڷ늵r¿ɮa(chn)ڹ늙C߉ȸҲl(f)F(xin)̎LڹB(ti)ďӡCһЩl(f)ļ꼾(ji)늓՚ͬӕa(chn)һЩ

Įa(chn)O2l(f)x⣬γɸ߻ԭ󲿷ԭܿٽYϳO2ٔ(sh)ԭӄtͬO2ɳO3 

    O2  +  O    O3   

⣬һЩbи߉ļҲܮa(chn)΢ijڳֽһ՚еĺǺ΢ġҪ՚еijЩh(hun)՚г^1g/m3rtֱӌwɂԽΣҲԽЩƶh(hun)˜ʕrڭh(hun)՚гҲMˏ

ڸ늽@ãؕ͜rꖘOųпɺ_30%ij[1]ǣ@NkֻڌСƂǺ܏ᣬ늘OڏвHgĵѸҲҲُܲI

ڽ20000V늉ͨ^늷ʽMOͨ^ܮa(chn)ijɺ10%ijF(xin)ڿÁСҎ(gu)ģ̎ˮijl(f)ͨ^s՚Mз늫@ó@NOa(chn)ijȲܸߵģһ1%-2%[8]

ڳ܏֮늕ra(chn)ğʶ늘OדpģԱ횶ڸQ늘O늘OɘOϘɣһ߿Fؽ٣K𣩻ߺϽͺϲϽMMПo•늼l(f)՚ɳ՚O늘O߀һ늽|(zh)һ׸|(zh)ijOrDzƵa(chn)ԴһcOͳ^fԪ

҂֪՚ڸ߉h(hun)·߀һͶк|(zh)@Щ|(zh)ˮзe۶γ°Եā}l(f)ͬӴڮa(chn)}@}@ÑҪȻ}r(nng)a(chn)к̎Դr(nng)Lݿ@÷dz

λܸvȸӃ(yu)Hڷ͸FʳƷI(y)ԼOeӾ^Ҳвól(f)Oġ߀ЩСҎ(gu)ģÁMˮ(jng)^ԇЧá

̎ڲ(wn)B(ti)؄eˮеķֽSˮص߶ˮзֽrֱӷųԭ[O]ЏЧڷСѸٔUɢ͝B͸ˮеļѿУЧֽ⼚|(zh)ĸNM|(zh)⣬κΎζ|(zh)ζXζɫԺܺõ𵽸ˮ|(zh)[3]@һcQʳƷI(y)摪Ǻǰ;ġҎ(gu)ģ^ļˮVȪˮa(chn)Sʹõijl(f)

Ӿˮ̎vڳˮˮеκr¶Dz(wn)ֻˮwֻͬϽ|ſЧӾˮ횰bϴſҳˮԽϴ͑ԓһvÃϴˮّԓdzˮ֮һռõط^l(f)_ӾضԽ^Ӿ^СϴҲͲ

ͬrڳĶӾˮеijSȲܳ^0.01ml/l՚еijSȲܳ^0.001mg/m3(1g/m3)(jng)^^ˮMӾ֮ǰû̿նij@Ӿˮwб㲻ʣoCˮwȻЧ߀ҪOһײT}oˎϵy(tng)ʹˮ܉򱣳0.5-1.0mg/l[3]@֮c߀܉һͶˮе^

    O3  + HClO    HClO2 + O2   

҂JӾól(f)O䣬@ЩPo׵ĴʩODzȱٵ_һͬӕӰЧ^Ҏ(gu)ʹÝȾ͕ʹ˳F(xin)^ʹ^IµжY(j)Pt(y)WYϽBLڽ|l(f)YĎʳɰٱ@һcڱǞ呟w֮ĿĵӾvڳĹsǿ

ҊmȻЧ^ҲHHˮw|ą^(q)򡣶Ӿbñ^sп՚l(f)ϴ̿O䣬ͶYFˮƽҪܸ܉ܵĆλ

҇Ļ˿ڱVˮYԴȱͬr߀ǮĽ(jng)l(f)չЇҡ@ҲQ҇ӾصĽOҪAڹֻܶ޽һЩ^Ӿ؁MȺҪӾ^ˮ^࣬ԽQӾ^MӴ^͵Ć}@_˽ͳɱĿ܉ṩ呟wı@NF(xin)rµĴӾصól(f)ǵòʧ(j)҂{(dio)飬SӾ^ʹóЧļ߀l(f)صĜˮF(xin)벻һͣˡ

ˮwPHֵҪҲȚƣmAˮ|(zh)AԻˮ|(zh)ֻٳķֽ⡣߀ӾˮFܵPgҲDZ^ģ߻ԭӺͬFF

ČHʹÁl(f)ĺǺܴʹÉ^ҲʹһS޸Q^lÿһθQMҲܴ@҂l(f)F(xin)Щʹ^l(f)Ćλ(jng)遆\޽ıӢ|Ӿ^ںòMOTQҲS@ЩؘO˳OƏV\áͳĮa(chn)ρvĿǰijl(f)߀SؽMĵط

Y   Z

COİl(f)չڅϿxһNõğooȾķʽ뻯ÿһNܛ]׵vʹcܺԱȴcһЩˮ|(zh)Ҳ]̫Įζ|(zh)ɣ^ҺwĴcֱȳùһЩˮ|(zh)Ҳ܉ֱ_ˡOռgСf߶oֻǴcl(f)ȳl(f)Ҫһƽ׃ʳ}ĵطͶYOʹÁ]cl(f)ͱȳЃ(yu)ͶY^ٵöHdz֮һO\иӷ(wn)h(hun)g޹˾cl(f)a(chn)ƷʹÉ߀_20ϡ\гɱcl(f)٣SҲҲЃ(yu)ݡ

Ț߀ǶȚwHڔUɢй©}ܽܶDZ^ˎͶӷҪcҺwǘӷʴ_DZ^yһvͨ^l(f)γɵĚw≺֞鳣߳≺нҺȵĉҲ]ռșC@ӵͶO@Ͷy_Ҫˮ|(zh)˜ʵҪء

ˮͨ^ЩƏVʹ_S಻MĵطH\Ч͌ҽYeܴˎͶӲʹˮ|(zh)_Ҏ(gu)ָȫҲܲ@Щȱcȵ|(zh)\ügPϵҲcλF(xin)OˆT֪RˮƽPĿǰҲ]ᘌƶһ^ƽy(tng)һĮa(chn)ƷҘ˜Ҳܴ_һеЧQMȫ_ˎ״PȵĕhǣF(xin)IJ(wn)֮ڶȅcƯ׺ęC߀доIͳһȻ̎̽ͮa(chn)ƷMA

ˎͬβˎһПoЧҲ횽(jng)^rgęz򞡣ŒCͨˎУcȻDZ^(wn)ɿĚcl(f)(jng)^Sİl(f)չ͸MˇܵćҘ˜ѽ(jng)ɞһNஔƵČOֵô󷶇ƏV^a(chn)λݬR̖^࣬Ñ߀Ҫұ^xă(yu)

Ȼˮ̎gҲSƌWgMl(f)չµģF(xin)ԽԽ(yu)̎g@Ŀǰh(hun)g_l(f)޹˾ѽ(jng)pˮOF}Gɫl(f)ȷȡPIԵMչ@ǾMˮƽļgͻpˮѽ(jng)t(y)Iõ˳JF}ȫoԸC(j)_҂JЃ(yu)h(hun)ܺ͟oԵľGɫǽOˎl(f)չķ҂ȫţGɫˎ،𲽳ɞˮw̎l(wi)I܊

 


Y

 [1] [Ӣ]C.Chambers  A.K.Holliday oCW W  1987 9 һ

[2] ܱʡ  I(y)sˮϵy(tng)нٵĸgcoWI(y) 199310һ

[3]   Ӿص} нOӋԺ   198910 

[4] A֪     oC|(zh)|(zh)Ҫʽփԡ  ɶƼW  19934µһ p252 

[5]LüԁˮӻΣU ٿ֪R1999 ڿ

[6] 何Ե _ƽ Ĵˮa(chn)о ˮgVol.17 N.4 1999 p39

[7] WoCW    oCW  ߵȽ  19944 ڶ

[8] ӡ ֥ Ⱦ  ˮ̎̎փԡ WI(y)  20004 һ 

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