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ȚİȫԁfʼKһ˕rrXĆ}҇ÿһ궼Țй©İȫ¹ʰl(f)ȚΣUƷܵȫCPćǰЩ꣬l(f)ڸ܇վȚƿ\ݔе¼Ɏǧ˵ľoɢڱЩӾڲˆT֔Ⱦ37סMt(y)Ժ҇^(q)_Ҏ(gu)ʘȚM
ڇSl(f)_ձȾஔȚʹȚҪˮ̎ǹÈСԁˮSһ㲻ʹҺʹôcҺwMȻҲи(j)ˮҪСˮͲT⾀pˮֶMМ
Țcccól(f)Oһ㶼횲ȡ߉s՚Mаl(f)Ⱥͳ[1]ǹr(nng)I(y)a(chn)ճб^ҊĎNȻڵĻW|(zh)һ㶼ˮwHМ皢ͲĹ߀܉ƯwSԼWϳɵVԁˮӾˮˮ̎ѭh(hun)ˮ켈I(y)WϳɘI(y)Լt(y)ˎl(wi)ͷߵȸI
ͬˎвͬܺcͬͬSҵĮa(chn)Ʒвͬ|(zh)һȚcȺͳWϣԼHʹжкܴą^(q)e@NđÁvԴc鰲ȫЧڃ棬ʹ鷽
PȚܺʹ҂ϤĚЧܺ@(jng)rͶӷռõطСȫԱ^@҂Ҫw̽ӑͱ^һ´cȺͳNԼPOʹc
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cķʽNaClOڏA}峺һNȫܽˮҺwڴcҺôc늽͝ʳ}ˮF(xin)Ƃ䡣
cҺwͨ^늽ʳ}ˮƂ@NOQcl(f)c^̿ͨ^Wʽ_£
係_£
NaCl + H2O NaClO + H2
늘O
ꖘO 2Cl- - 2e Cl2
ꎘO 2H+ + 2e H2
Һ 2NaOH + Cl2 NaCl + NaClO + H2O
ȻcҺwԴcl(f)a(chn)a(chn)ĴcҺw^(wn)һҲױȏSƷЩsкijɷ
Pڴcl(f)҇1990112հl(f)GB 12176-90 Ҙ˜һNѽ(jng)Jهʮַ(wn)ЙYϿɲԃĮa(chn)Ʒcl(f)ѽ(jng)һٶĚvʷѽ(jng)CһN\гɱܵ͡ˎͶӜʴ_ЧOѵO䡣
cҺ߀Ǿ@(yu)ݵġһNЧVVȫďˎͬˮHԺܺãcˮȻҺȵˎİȫ[ЧJȚஔҲ@һcЧͶӜʴ_ȫʹ÷㣬ڃh(hun)oܚй©h(hun)rͶӡ
cVڰԁˮˮI(y)ѭh(hun)ˮӾˮt(y)ԺˮȵȸNˮwc߀܉ƉxӺͱh(hun)̎UˮһЩI(y)ضȾUˮĸ߀ڼ{ƯߝȵĴcҺw߀ڄxO估ܵϸմ[2]
cĜԭҪͨ^ˮγɴMһֽγB(ti)[O]B(ti)ĘOʹwͲĵ|(zh)׃ĶʹԴȚԭҲҪԮa(chn)᷽ʽ
(j)WycˮPHֵӰPH^9.5͕ڴɡ^(sh)ˮ|(zh)PHֵ68.5PPMȵĴcˮȫˮɴЧʸ99.99%^̿ûWʽαʾ£
NaClO + H2O HClO + NaOH
HClO HCl + [O]
ښ^Hڼ⚤С늺ɣɝBw(ni)cwᡢøȰl(f)Ķԭ
R-NH-R + HClO R2NCl + H2O
ͬrx߀@׃ͲwĝBʹʧԶ
ֵÿ϶ڴcl(f)a(chn)ҺвȚȵˮЮa(chn)xһyγڷȶl(f)ȴϷɲwжк|(zh)cҲȚͬˮγ}ǘٹܵɇظg^ͬl(f)ˮĎКζȰ@N|(zh)ҲһNȫĚˎֻhcĚ
NH3 + HClO NH2Cl + H2O
NH2Cl + HClO NHCl2 + H2O
NHCl2 + HClO NCl3 + H2O
\гɱôc\гɱMǺܵ͵ԱȚһЩ(j)Ӣy(tng)ӋһM(sh)(j)cͬȚɱȴs1.05 1[3]
ʹôcԲôcl(f)(yu)ǰcl(f)δ҇ƏVԭҪǣ^ȥꖘOϷ治^P҇(jng)l(f)չ͌ˮ̎gҕٴǴcl(f)ȚһͶҪԸߵɵģȻ߀늵MO늲
H߀һЩλˮwʹõǏȉASa(chn)ĴcҺȉASa(chn)ĴcҺͬcl(f)F(xin)ƂĴcҺ߀һ^(q)eġcȉASa(chn)^бȻµһNa(chn)Ʒͨ^AҺնȚɵ@Ǟ˱ϰȫOõһˇڴ(sh)ȉAĹSfcһNa(chn)ɷ^s߀ֽЩȉASꎘOAҺֱβ鸻ȚռҺȻ@NAҺijɷǷdzsˡ(j)һЩЩSĽ(jng)ЧϿ]ʹʯī늘O߀a(chn)ஔĶɷ
2OH- + Cl2 Cl- + ClO- + H2O
һvԓͨڵ͜M͜һȚ߀ͬ˷ˮYϳɕrԵˮˮгxȠB(ti)@ضԸߕr͕Ȼ؏ˮጷųLrg棬ד]l(f)ʧЧͶҲɢݳһЩȚ⣬ҪͰbռһg\ݔҲ߀DZ^韩@NһxȵĴcҺˮwȻF(xin)ʹôcl(f)߀DZʹҺ鰲ȫɿ
߀fǣôcɱʹˮдһ}^Ͷǰÿһˮ˵Ę˜MеģԁˮˮwͲ۷eĆ}ܮa(chn)}ĸXӾˮfijһ^̕rڿһЩ۷eӾرڌOMз_ϴҪaһrˮ֮ͶӵСsf֮LځҲ}۷eˮ׃}ͨ^҂{(dio)L҂Ҳ]аl(f)F(xin)һÑʹôcl(f)Oɳˮ׃}˵(sh)Ӿ߀hʳ}ˮ֮
Ҫfһccl(f)ڹ^늘OY@Ҫϴ늘Oһsһϴһ䷽njϡ}ͨ^ô늽нһrgMܽ⡣ȻЧ߀Ǻܲe
ȵķʽClO2ڸ11oCrȷvɞһNSGɫwһNOĻԽ(jng)ܟ͕ѸٶըԷֽȚ⡣ȾбȚĴ̼ԺͶԞȚ40 [2]ǚwڔUɢܟֽ⣬wSͣrg^cˮ߀ɾ^ƯHClO2, ܉͓pwS켈ӡȾИI(y)õܺÑһNͬӾкƵĚ
ȘO䲻(wn)cǘӿ\ݔ\ݔкװl(f)ը¹ֻF(xin)Ƃһ㶼ͨ^}ͬķƂõcijɱǣccķʮքa(chn)ȎDZըԷֽȚ@ȻcڷдųPûWʽ_£
3NaClO3 + 3H2SO4 3NaHSO4 + 3HClO3
3HClO3 2ClO2 + HClO4 + H2O
2ClO2 Cl2 + 2O2
غ͵ķDzccķɶȚwɱߣ
2NaClO3 + 2H2C2O4 Na2C2O4 + 2H2O + 2CO2 +2ClO2
(ni)һЩSҲ}MжƵμcķɶ@NOеĿԫ@߲^50%ĶȺʹ50%Ț֮Կ]ʹ}Ȼcԭ@úa(chn)ɱ^ֱPϵ
һfcc}l(f)^̱^sһЩʹϡ}ᷴԫ@öȺȚĻw[4]Ҏ(gu)ģƂ߀ObãҲʮСܟױըԷֽ⣺
NaClO3 + HClϡ NaCl + Cl2 + 2ClO2 + 2H2O
H@ҲǷ֞ɲɵcͬ}ᷴȻcSֽɶȚˮ
ʹÝ}ccrֻȚų]жȚw[4]
NaClO3 + 6HCl⣩ NaCl + 3Cl2 + 3H2O
@Ȼijһg}ɷNаl(f)Ɍσɷʽӱ[4]
ClO3- + 7Cl- + H+ 4Cl2 + 2ClO2 + 5H2O
淽̱_ʽǁ}ͬcɵĶȺǺܲ(wn)ɚwҪ߀Ț⣬
ȡҪʹc\гɱܸߣsc\гɱ5[2]}ד]l(f)ЏҸgˣڹ^韩Ҫ^İȫ탦汣
ڹI(y)һNƂˮҺš[1]ˇ^swǣɵײͨ^һcҺʽ_£
ClO3- + NO2 NO3- + ClO2
@NˮҺȲ̎^ȫˮҺжȺ30%r̎Ҳըܽ⌍Hһ^չrҺطֽĻ@Nʽ\гɱһҲˮ
(j)PYӛdˮҲcȚͬЃɂȚⲻ߂cһʹõPHVPH610(ni)Чؚ^(sh)cl(f)a(chn)˲ζˮзֽra(chn)}@Na(chn)ƷӾ}Lrgķeʹˮ׃S߀F(xin)Ƥw۾Ĵ̼һͶһȵk[3]
ЩYPڶȿԚѿߵfwC͌HЧĿǰ(ni)ʹöԁˮˮdzɹČ^Кwܽˮ^ڷdz(wn)ȫד]l(f)yʹˮw_еșzyʶԁˮӾصҪSһˎf^y_ˮwșzyֵҲ^yõCΛrЛ]ȚôߵĚ≺ͨ^șCͬˮwγɕrˮļgρvҎ(gu)ģʹöͶҲ߀dzF(xin)
ͨJ飬ȵԭҲǺȚһ,ͬˮl(f)a(chn)HClO2һNஔƯ
2ClO2 + H2O HClO2 + HClO3
I(y)һ㲢ֱʹöǑÁcҺMƯͨ^ra(chn)ĶˮҺ^cϼɵõһāc
2ClO2 + Na2O2 2NaClO2 + O2
cһNܛƯׄͨ^ˮጷųᣬƯSȻͺϳwSʹҲƯͷϞ[1]@һgijF(xin)\ڕrgϲL\ȻʹԓgOͶY\гɱǺܸߵСҎ(gu)ģI(y)yԳ
(ni)a(chn)Ȱl(f)I(y)a(chn)ˮҺ@N^߰ȫԼgģ(sh)Dzcͬ}ᶨζƷk팍F(xin)@ӵOɱܵȫǷdzģԲ͕֔ᄳ¹Ҫeġͨ^gTڴOİȫ|(zh)ԃbPČҪMмgҎ(gu)ȡ̭
ڱWӾ^쉯t(y)Ժ·t(y)ԺȆλʹöˮw^l(f)^ȫ¹ʶͣ飬ܟĶȺװl(f)ըԷֱֽɶй©Ⱦh(hun)
2ClO2 2O2 + Cl2
F(xin)߀һNcI(y)ʹ늽ʳ}ˮa(chn)Țȫͬka(chn)һNQƂȵO䡣䌍ͨ^ĤxꖃɘO@֮98%߀Ǯa(chn)Ț⡣ԭv늽ʳ}ˮxӵõȚһȚͬˮɴxӣ늽߀MһɁxܟֽԮa(chn)һȡȵȚwǣ@N늽ⷽɁxӵЧǺܵ͵Ҳfͨ^늽D(zhun)QɶȵЧʲHܵͣ@Nʽ?jng)]бҪMֺܲ(jng)
Ҫһض²ֽܷ늽ۃ(ni)^ߜض늽۱ǷIJĿǰͨõĶǹķϩ@Щϵ͟ԴDzܺ늽LrgʹþͱȻF(xin)׃ҲȻwй©¹ʡ
Ț⡢@Щȿ՚صĚwǕصMДUɢyųһȾγ@ЩжwͲһ^̵ĕrgȚ℡gҲ(zhn)rϣվÁq̫ȚһɌTȉAI(y)a(chn)Sa(chn)ҸȚƿMзb\ݔҌȚ߀ЌTȫCPO(jin)܌ʹȚҪ
ȘOĻWgԎͬȚһĶ߀ȚʮWOҲзe}eĆ}늽O늘Oͬӕa(chn)ˮϴ֏Ч͛]дcl(f)бC
@NOڌHʹҲǺܳɹF(xin)˺ܶ}йȚĤһҾ͓pSlˎͶҲ_ˮ|(zh)OҪ|Ӿ^wWӾ^wίӖˮ^һЩt(y)ԺbԺ͟oʹòm(x)bʹôcM
ȚvF(xin)t(y)Wоѽ(jng)CȚͬˮSЙCl(f)ȻɺܶȴЙCȴЙCǘOкɵȼȼȴ҂Ҳ(jng)ʹȚԁˮЙzy°ȼȼȴ(j)t(y)WWy(tng)ӋLʹȚԁˮȺУװֱcYcΰİl(f)ʸڌսMʮώװٱ[5]
1979꣬h(hun)ƶ˵һPȻ̎ˮиa(chn)ﺬķҎ(gu)ƹ1fˮĹˮԴu飨ȼձģó^ÿ100199811£h(hun)ͨ^һӇˮԴ˜uĘOޘ˜ʽ͵ÿ80ˣͬr߀Ҏ(gu)НΣUĸa(chn)}uĘOޣҎ(gu)ˮ˾֮ǰ횏ˮЙC[5]
PI(y)s־߀TPĴˮa(chn)о[6]ֵødȤͬʅ
ķӱ_ʽO3ͨB(ti)ǜ\{ɫwЄԡһN~ȳζ@ŵķQ^-112OC۞{ɫҺw-192OCYɫwˮеܽСˮҺB(ti)cҺܻc෴Ƿdz(wn)ڳ¾ֽ200OCϷֽ^ҷֽrጷŴij߀ױը[17]
2O3 3O2
ͻW|(zh)foՓAԽ|(zh)Ա@һcܑÁ팦NˮwM̎ҲƯԼƤëMÓ
ͨڸߌӴҪͨ^̫ꖹ⾀ӵļɵߌӴеijбoã⾀Ķʹ⾀Ă
Ϳ՚ڷ늵r¿ɮa(chn)ڹ늙C߉ȸҲl(f)F(xin)̎LڹB(ti)ďӡCһЩl(f)ļ꼾(ji)늓՚ͬӕa(chn)һЩ
Įa(chn)O2l(f)x⣬γɸԭԭܿٽYϳO2ٔ(sh)ԭӄtͬO2ɳO3
O2 + O O3
⣬һЩbи߉ļҲܮa(chn)ijڳֽһ՚еĺǺġҪ՚еijЩh(hun)՚г^1g/m3rtֱӌwɂԽΣҲԽЩƶh(hun)˜ʕrڭh(hun)՚гҲMˏ
ڸ늽@ãؕ͜rꖘOųпɺ_30%ij[1]ǣ@NkֻڌСƂǺᣬ늘OڏвHgĵѸҲҲُܲI
ڽ20000V늉ͨ^늷ʽMOͨ^ܮa(chn)ijɺ10%ijF(xin)ڿÁСҎ(gu)ģ̎ˮijl(f)ͨ^s՚Mз늫@ó@NOa(chn)ijȲܸߵģһ1%-2%[8]
ڳ֮늕ra(chn)ğʶ늘OדpģԱ횶ڸQ늘O늘OɘOϘɣһ߿Fؽ٣K𣩻ߺϽͺϲϽMMПo늼l(f)՚ɳ՚O늘O߀һ늽|(zh)һ|(zh)ijOrDzƵa(chn)ԴһcOͳ^fԪ
҂֪՚ڸ߉h(hun)·߀һͶк|(zh)@Щ|(zh)ˮзe۶γ°Եā}l(f)ͬӴڮa(chn)}@}@ÑҪȻ}r(nng)a(chn)к̎Դr(nng)Lݿ@÷dz
λܸvȸӃ(yu)HڷFʳƷI(y)ԼOeӾ^Ҳвól(f)Oġ߀ЩСҎ(gu)ģÁMˮ(jng)^ԇЧá
̎ڲ(wn)B(ti)eˮеķֽSˮص߶ˮзֽrֱӷųԭ[O]ЏЧڷСѸٔUɢ͝BˮеļѿУЧֽ⼚|(zh)ĸNM|(zh)⣬κΎζ|(zh)ζXζɫԺܺõˮ|(zh)[3]@һcQʳƷI(y)摪Ǻǰ;ġҎ(gu)ģ^ļˮVȪˮa(chn)Sʹõijl(f)
Ӿˮ̎vڳˮˮеκr¶Dz(wn)ֻˮwֻͬϽ|ſЧӾˮ횰bϴſҳˮԽϴ͑ԓһvÃϴˮّԓdzˮ֮һռõط^l(f)_ӾضԽ^Ӿ^СϴҲͲ
ͬrڳĶӾˮеijSȲܳ^0.01ml/l՚еijSȲܳ^0.001mg/m3(1g/m3)(jng)^^ˮMӾ֮ǰû̿նij@Ӿˮwб㲻ʣoCˮwȻЧ߀ҪOһײT}oˎϵy(tng)ʹˮ܉0.5-1.0mg/l[3]@֮c߀܉һͶˮе^
O3 + HClO HClO2 + O2
҂JӾól(f)O䣬@ЩPoĴʩODzȱٵ_һͬӕӰЧ^Ҏ(gu)ʹÝȾ͕ʹ˳F(xin)^ʹ^IµжY(j)Pt(y)WYϽBLڽ|l(f)YĎʳɰٱ@һcڱǞ呟w֮ĿĵӾvڳĹsǿ
ҊmȻЧ^ҲHHˮw|ą^(q)Ӿbñ^sп՚l(f)ϴ̿O䣬ͶYFˮƽҪܸ܉ܵĆλ
҇Ļ˿ڱVˮYԴȱͬr߀ǮĽ(jng)l(f)չЇҡ@ҲQ҇ӾصĽOҪAڹֻܶһЩ^ӾMȺҪӾ^ˮ^࣬ԽQӾ^MӴ^͵Ć}@_˽ͳɱĿ܉ṩ呟wı@NF(xin)rµĴӾصól(f)ǵòʧ(j)҂{(dio)飬SӾ^ʹóЧļ߀l(f)صĜˮF(xin)벻һͣˡ
ˮwPHֵҪҲȚƣmAˮ|(zh)AԻˮ|(zh)ֻٳķֽ⡣߀ӾˮFܵPgҲDZ^ģԭӺͬFF
ČHʹÁl(f)ĺǺܴʹÉ^ҲʹһSQ^lÿһθQMҲܴ@҂l(f)F(xin)Щʹ^l(f)Ćλ(jng)遆\ıӢ|Ӿ^ںòMOTQҲS@ЩؘO˳OƏV\áͳĮa(chn)ρvĿǰijl(f)߀SؽMĵط
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ˎͬβˎһПoЧҲ횽(jng)^rgęzCͨˎУcȻDZ^(wn)ɿĚcl(f)(jng)^Sİl(f)չMˇܵćҘ˜ѽ(jng)ɞһNஔƵČOֵôƏV^a(chn)λݬR̖^࣬Ñ߀Ҫұ^xă(yu)
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[1] [Ӣ]C.Chambers A.K.Holliday oCW W 1987 9 һ
[2] ܱʡ I(y)sˮϵy(tng)нٵĸgcoWI(y) 199310һ
[3] Ӿص} нOӋԺ 198910
[4] A֪ oC|(zh)|(zh)Ҫʽփԡ ɶƼW 19934µһ p252
[5]LüԁˮӻΣU ٿ֪R1999 ڿ
[6] 何Ե _ƽ Ĵˮa(chn)о ˮgVol.17 N.4 1999 p39
[7] WoCW oCW ߵȽ 19944 ڶ
[8] ӡ ֥ Ⱦ ˮ̎̎փԡ WI(y) 20004 һ
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